How Do CHG Antiseptic Swabs Work? Chlorhexidine Disinfection Mechanism & Uses

How CHG Antiseptic Swabs Kill Bacteria
CHG (Chlorhexidine Gluconate) swabs disinfect through the antimicrobial action of chlorhexidine, a broad-spectrum antiseptic. Here’s how they work:

1. Mechanism of Action
   ◦ Destroys Cell Membranes:
   Chlorhexidine’s positively charged molecules bind to negatively charged bacterial/viral membranes, rupturing them and causing cell death.
   ◦ Inactivates Enzymes:
   At high concentrations, it penetrates microbes and disrupts vital enzymes (e.g., ATPase), enhancing bactericidal effects.
   ◦ Long-Lasting Barrier:
   Leaves a residual antimicrobial film on skin/objects, preventing regrowth for hours.
2. Common Uses
   ◦ Pre-surgical skin prep (often combined with alcohol for faster action).
   ◦ Wound cleaning (effective against Gram-positive bacteria, some fungi/viruses).
   ◦ Medical device disinfection (low-risk surfaces).
3. CHG vs. Other Disinfectants
   Agent
   Pros
   Cons
   CHG
   Long-lasting, gentle on skin
   Slow against viruses/spores
   Alcohol
   Rapid kill (viruses/bacteria)
   Dries skin, no residual effect
   Iodine
   Broad-spectrum
   Stains skin, may irritate
4. Key Precautions
   ◦ Avoid eyes/mucous membranes (can cause irritation).
   ◦ Not for deep wounds or internal use.
   ◦ Test for allergies (rare hypersensitivity reactions).
5. Storage & Efficacy
   ◦ Store sealed at room temperature.
   ◦ Discard if swabs dry out or expire.
   For medical professionals: CHG-alcohol combinations (e.g., 2% CHG + 70% isopropanol) maximize rapid and sustained disinfection.